Practice Questions:: chapter 5 : The Fundamental Unit of LIfe

🌟🔬Question on The Fundamental Unit of Life🔬

1. What did Robert Hooke observe in a thin slice of cork?

(a) A network of blood vessels
(b) A structure resembling a honeycomb
(c) Small moving organisms
(d) A continuous sheet of material

2. In which year did Robert Hooke make his discovery about cells?

(a) 1605
(b) 1665
(c) 1705
(d) 1755

3. What material was Robert Hooke observing when he discovered cells?

(a) Leaf
(b) Onion peel
(c) Cork
(d) Human skin

4. What does the word "cell" mean in Latin?

(a) Small particle
(b) A little room
(c) Living unit
(d) Microscopic structure

5. Who discovered the nucleus in the cell?

(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Leeuwenhoek
(c) Robert Brown
(d) Schleiden

MCQs on Cells and Their Discovery

6. Who coined the term 'protoplasm' for the fluid substance of the cell?

(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Schleiden
(c) Purkinje
(d) Schwann

7. Who proposed the Cell Theory?

(a) Robert Brown and Purkinje
(b) Schleiden and Schwann
(c) Leeuwenhoek and Virchow
(d) Hooke and Leeuwenhoek

8. Who suggested that all cells arise from pre-existing cells?

(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Rudolf Virchow
(c) Schwann
(d) Schleiden

9. What did Leeuwenhoek discover in 1674?

(a) The nucleus
(b) The cell membrane
(c) Free-living cells in pond water
(d) Mitochondria

10. What instrument led to the discovery of the microscopic world?

(a) Telescope
(b) Magnifying glass
(c) Microscope
(d) X-ray machine

11. Which scientist discovered the nucleus in the cell?

(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
(c) Robert Brown
(d) Rudolf Virchow

12. What is the basic unit of life?

(a) Tissue
(b) Organ
(c) Cell
(d) Atom

13. Which of the following organisms is unicellular?

(a) Amoeba
(b) Human
(c) Mango tree
(d) Dog

14. What type of microscope led to the detailed study of cell organelles?

(a) Light microscope
(b) Electron microscope
(c) Magnifying glass
(d) Simple microscope

15. Who first observed free-living cells in pond water?

(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
(c) Robert Brown
(d) Matthias Schleiden

16. What is the outermost layer of an animal cell?

(a) Cell wall
(b) Plasma membrane
(c) Cytoplasm
(d) Nucleus

17. What is the function of the plasma membrane?

(a) Provides structural support
(b) Controls movement of substances in and out
(c) Helps in cell division
(d) Stores genetic material

18. What is osmosis?

(a) Movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane
(b) Movement of gases across the membrane
(c) Transport of proteins
(d) Cellular respiration

19. What happens to a cell in a hypertonic solution?

(a) Swells
(b) Shrinks
(c) Remains the same
(d) Bursts

20. How does Amoeba take in food?

(a) Diffusion
(b) Endocytosis
(c) Osmosis
(d) Photosynthesis

21. Assertion: The plasma membrane is selectively permeable.

Reason: It allows only gases to pass through.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation.
(c) Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

22. Assertion: Osmosis is a type of diffusion.

Reason: Osmosis requires energy to transport water molecules.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation.
(c) Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

23. What happens when a cell is placed in a hypotonic solution?

(a) The cell shrinks
(b) The cell swells
(c) The cell remains the same
(d) The cell bursts immediately

24. Match the following:

Column A

1. Chloroplast
2. Mitochondria
3. Nucleus
4. Cell Membrane

Column B

• (a) Powerhouse of the cell
• (b) Photosynthesis
• (c) Controls cell activities
• (d) Selectively permeable

(a) 1-b, 2-a, 3-c, 4-d
(b) 1-c, 2-d, 3-b, 4-a
(c) 1-a, 2-b, 3-c, 4-d
(d) 1-d, 2-b, 3-a, 4-c

25. Match the following:

Column A

1. Prokaryotic Cell
2. Eukaryotic Cell
3. Ribosomes
4. Endoplasmic Reticulum

Column B

• (a) Lacks a nucleus
• (b) Contains a nucleus
• (c) Synthesis of proteins
• (d) Transports materials

(a) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a, 4-d
(b) 1-b, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a
(c) 1-a, 2-b, 3-d, 4-c
(d) 1-c, 2-a, 3-b, 4-d

26. Match the following:

Column A

1. Cell Wall
2. Centrosome
3. Chlorophyll
4. Endoplasmic Reticulum

Column B

• (a) Regulates cell division
• (b) Aids in the synthesis of lipids and proteins
• (c) Provides structural support to plant cells
• (d) Absorbs light for photosynthesis

(a) 1-c, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b
(b) 1-b, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a
(c) 1-d, 2-c, 3-b, 4-a
(d) 1-a, 2-b, 3-d, 4-c

MCQs on Cell Wall and Plasmolysis

27. The cell wall in plant cells is mainly composed of:

(a) Lignin
(b) Cellulose
(c) Pectin
(d) Chitin

28. The phenomenon of plasmolysis occurs when:

(a) The cell swells due to water intake
(b) The cell shrinks due to loss of water
(c) The cell wall bursts
(d) The plasma membrane is ruptured

29. What happens to a plant cell when placed in a hypotonic solution?

(a) The cell swells and may burst
(b) The cell shrinks
(c) The cell remains unchanged
(d) The cell wall breaks down

30. In the activity to observe plasmolysis, when the Rhoeo leaf cells are boiled, what happens?

(a) Plasmolysis occurs
(b) The cells become turgid
(c) Plasmolysis does not occur
(d) The cells remain unaffected

31. What is the main function of the cell wall in plant cells?

(a) To protect the cell from toxins
(b) To provide structural support and protection
(c) To regulate cell division
(d) To transport nutrients

Assertion and Reason Questions on Cell Wall and Plasmolysis

32. Assertion: The cell wall in plants provides structural support.

Reason: The cell wall allows plant cells to withstand pressure from the external medium.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation.
(c) Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

33. Assertion: Plasmolysis is the shrinking of a cell away from its cell wall.

Reason: Plasmolysis occurs when a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation.
(c) Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

34. Assertion: In a hypertonic solution, water moves into the plant cell.

Reason: The cell wall exerts pressure on the cell to prevent bursting.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation.
(c) Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

35. Assertion: Plasmolysis occurs only in living cells.

Reason: Dead cells cannot absorb water by osmosis.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation.
(c) Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

Questions on Nucleus

36. What would happen if iodine solution was not used to stain the onion peel?

(a) The cells would appear colorless and less distinct under the microscope.
(b) The cells would appear more colorful and detailed.
(c) The cells would not be visible at all.
(d) The cells would appear black and opaque.

37. What is the role of the nucleus in a cell?

(a) It stores the cell’s genetic material and controls cellular activities.
(b) It provides energy for cellular processes.
(c) It stores water and nutrients for the cell.
(d) It helps the cell to divide into two equal parts.

38. Which structure inside the nucleus contains the genetic material?

(a) Chromosomes
(b) Nuclear membrane
(c) Nucleolus
(d) Cytoplasm

39. What is the function of the nuclear membrane?

(a) It protects the nucleus and regulates the flow of materials into and out of the nucleus.
(b) It stores genetic material for the cell.
(c) It helps the nucleus divide during cell division.
(d) It produces energy for the cell.

40. What is a nucleoid?

(a) A membrane-bound structure containing genetic material in prokaryotic cells.
(b) A region in eukaryotic cells where chromosomes are located.
(c) An undefined nuclear region found in prokaryotic cells that contains genetic material.
(d) A structure found in plant cells that stores energy.

Assertion and Reason Questions on Nucleus

41. Assertion: The nucleus controls the cell’s activities.

Reason: The nucleus contains DNA, which carries genetic information for cellular functions.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation.
(c) Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

42. Assertion: Prokaryotic cells have a well-defined nucleus.

Reason: Prokaryotic cells do not have a nuclear membrane, and their genetic material is not enclosed in a membrane-bound structure.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation.
(c) Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

43. Assertion: The nucleoid is present in eukaryotic cells.

Reason: Eukaryotic cells have a nuclear membrane that surrounds the nucleus.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation.
(c) Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

44. Assertion: DNA is present in the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells.

Reason: DNA in eukaryotic cells is present in a membrane-bound structure called the nucleoid.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation.
(c) Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

45. Assertion: The nuclear membrane is double-layered in eukaryotic cells.

Reason: The nuclear membrane consists of two lipid bilayers that separate the nucleus from the cytoplasm.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation.
(c) Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

MCQs on Cytoplasm

46. What is the primary function of the cytoplasm?

(a) To protect the cell from external damage
(b) To allow the movement of substances across the cell membrane
(c) To provide a medium for the cell organelles to function
(d) To produce energy for the cell

47. What is absent in prokaryotic cells that is present in eukaryotic cells?

(a) Nucleus
(b) Cytoplasm
(c) Membrane-bound organelles
(d) Plasma membrane

Assertion and Reason Questions on Cytoplasm

48. Assertion: Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles.

Reason: Prokaryotic cells are less complex than eukaryotic cells and therefore do not require organelles enclosed by membranes.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation.
(c) Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

49. Assertion: The cytoplasm is important for supporting and suspending organelles in the cell.

Reason: The cytoplasm acts as a medium for the movement of substances within the cell and helps in metabolic reactions.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, and Reason is the correct explanation.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct explanation.
(c) Assertion is correct, but Reason is incorrect.
(d) Both Assertion and Reason are incorrect.

Match the Following - Cytoplasm

50. Match the following:

Column A

1. Prokaryotic cells
2. Eukaryotic cells
3. Membrane-bound organelles
4. Cytoplasm

Column B

A. Contain well-defined nucleus
B. Lack defined nucleus
C. Function in specific cellular tasks
D. Medium for metabolic activities and organelles

(a) 1-B, 2-A, 3-C, 4-D
(b) 1-B, 2-A, 3-D, 4-C
(c) 1-A, 2-B, 3-C, 4-D
(d) 1-A, 2-B, 3-D, 4-C

Match the Following - Cell Organelles

51. Match the following:

Column A

1. Endoplasmic Reticulum
2. Golgi Apparatus
3. Mitochondria
4. Plastids

Column B

A. Energy production in cells
B. Protein synthesis and transport
C. Site for photosynthesis in plant cells
D. Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins

(a) 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
(b) 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
(c) 1-B, 2-C, 3-D, 4-A
(d) 1-A, 2-B, 3-D, 4-C

MCQs on Cell Organelles

52. What is the main function of mitochondria?

(a) Protein synthesis
(b) Energy production in the form of ATP
(c) Modifying and packaging proteins
(d) Photosynthesis

53. Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

(a) Golgi apparatus
(b) Ribosomes
(c) Lysosomes
(d) Mitochondria

54. Which of the following organelles is not found in prokaryotic cells?

(a) Ribosomes
(b) Endoplasmic reticulum
(c) Nucleus
(d) Plasma membrane

MCQs on Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

55. What is the primary function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

(a) Manufacture of lipids
(b) Detoxification of drugs
(c) Protein synthesis
(d) Storage of nutrients

56. What is the role of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

(a) Synthesis of proteins
(b) Detoxification and lipid synthesis
(c) Transport of proteins
(d) Breakdown of nutrients

57. What does the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) form in a cell?

(a) A network system
(b) A nuclear membrane
(c) A rigid structure
(d) Mitochondria

58. Which of the following is true about rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

(a) It is responsible for protein synthesis
(b) It synthesizes lipids and detoxifies drugs
(c) It lacks ribosomes on its surface
(d) It stores energy molecules

59. What structures are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?

(a) Ribosomes
(b) Mitochondria
(c) Golgi apparatus
(d) Chloroplasts

60. What is one of the primary functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?

(a) Lipid synthesis
(b) Protein synthesis
(c) Breakdown of toxins
(d) Both (a) and (c)

61. Which organelle is most directly involved in the synthesis of lipids and steroids?

(a) Rough ER
(b) Smooth ER
(c) Mitochondria
(d) Nucleus

62. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is most important in the synthesis of which type of molecules?

(a) Lipids
(b) Carbohydrates
(c) Proteins
(d) Nucleic acids

63. Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the endoplasmic reticulum?

(a) Protein synthesis
(b) Lipid synthesis
(c) Cellular respiration
(d) Detoxification of drugs

64. What is the process of membrane biogenesis in relation to the nucleus?

(a) Synthesis of proteins
(b) Synthesis of lipids and proteins for cell membranes
(c) Breakdown of organelles
(d) None of the above

65. The nucleus plays a central role in cellular reproduction by directing:

(a) The movement of water in the cell
(b) The chemical activities of the cell
(c) The growth of mitochondria
(d) The production of glucose

66. What is the main function of the nuclear membrane in eukaryotic cells?

(a) To store genetic information
(b) To provide structural support to the nucleus
(c) To regulate the passage of materials into and out of the nucleus
(d) To assist in protein synthesis

67. In prokaryotes, the region containing nucleic acids is known as:

(a) Nucleus
(b) Nucleoid
(c) Nucleolus
(d) Chromatin

68. How does the nucleus help in determining the cell’s function and development?

(a) By controlling the synthesis of proteins and enzymes
(b) By creating new cells
(c) By regulating energy production
(d) By storing genetic material only

69. Who first described the Golgi apparatus?

(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Albert Einstein
(c) Camillo Golgi
(d) Charles Darwin

70. What is the main function of the Golgi apparatus?

(a) Protein synthesis
(b) Storage and modification of proteins
(c) Storage and packaging of products in vesicles
(d) DNA replication

71. What kind of structure does the Golgi apparatus consist of?

(a) Membrane-bound vesicles and stacks called cisterns
(b) Membrane-bound vesicles and rough sheets
(c) Membrane-bound vacuoles and sacs
(d) Membrane-bound ribosomes and vesicles

72. Which of the following functions is NOT associated with the Golgi apparatus?

(a) Modifying proteins and lipids
(b) Protein synthesis
(c) Formation of lysosomes
(d) Packaging of molecules into vesicles

73. The Golgi apparatus is primarily involved in the modification of:

(a) Nucleic acids
(b) Proteins and lipids
(c) Carbohydrates
(d) Minerals

74. In which part of the cell is the Golgi apparatus located?

(a) Cytoplasm
(b) Nucleus
(c) Plasma membrane
(d) Mitochondria

MCQs with Assertion and Reason on Golgi Apparatus

75. Assertion: The Golgi apparatus is involved in the packaging and modification of proteins and lipids.

Reason: The Golgi apparatus is responsible for the modification of proteins and lipids, and packaging them into vesicles for transport within the cell.

(a) Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but reason is true.

76. Assertion: The Golgi apparatus plays a role in the formation of lysosomes.

Reason: Lysosomes are formed by the fusion of vesicles from the Golgi apparatus that contain digestive enzymes.

(a) Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but reason is true.

77. Assertion: The Golgi apparatus is involved in the synthesis of complex sugars from simple sugars.

Reason: The Golgi apparatus functions to synthesize polysaccharides, which are essential for cell signaling and protection.

(a) Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but reason is true.

78. Assertion: The Golgi apparatus has a direct connection with the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER).

Reason: The Golgi apparatus receives proteins synthesized by ribosomes from the RER for further modification and packaging.

(a) Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but reason is true.

79. Assertion: The Golgi apparatus is involved in lipid synthesis.

Reason: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) contributes to the synthesis of lipids, and its products are processed in the Golgi apparatus.

(a) Both assertion and reason are true, and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) Both assertion and reason are true, but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but reason is true.

80. Where was Camillo Golgi born?

(a) Corteno near Brescia
(b) University of Pavia
(c) Hospital of St. Matteo
(d) Abbiategrasso

81. Which revolutionary method did Camillo Golgi develop?

(a) Electron microscopy
(b) Staining nerve and cell structures using silver nitrate
(c) Dissection of nervous system
(d) Creation of cell culture methods

82. What was the main focus of Camillo Golgi’s research during the early part of his career?

(a) Nervous system
(b) Genetics
(c) Plant biology
(d) Microbiology

83. In which year did Camillo Golgi receive the Nobel Prize?

(a) 1906
(b) 1912
(c) 1898
(d) 1920

84. With whom did Camillo Golgi share the Nobel Prize in 1906?

(a) Santiago Ramony Cajal
(b) Albert Einstein
(c) Louis Pasteur
(d) Gregor Mendel

85. What was the main contribution of Camillo Golgi’s "black reaction" method?

(a) It helped in creating the first cell culture
(b) It allowed the tracing of nerve and cell structures
(c) It facilitated the identification of different cell types
(d) It improved electron microscopy techniques

MCQs on Lysosomes

86. What is the main function of lysosomes?

(a) Protein synthesis
(b) Waste disposal and digestion
(c) Energy production
(d) Photosynthesis

87. Why are lysosomes called the ‘suicide bags’ of the cell?

(a) They destroy harmful bacteria
(b) They can digest their own cell if damaged
(c) They store digestive enzymes
(d) They help in energy storage

88. Where are the digestive enzymes of lysosomes synthesized?

(a) Mitochondria
(b) Ribosomes on Rough ER
(c) Golgi apparatus
(d) Nucleus

89. What happens when a lysosome bursts inside a cell?

(a) The cell produces more lysosomes
(b) The cell digests itself and dies
(c) The lysosomal enzymes deactivate
(d) The cell repairs itself automatically

90. Lysosomes are absent in which of the following types of cells?

(a) Plant cells
(b) Animal cells
(c) Bacterial cells
(d) Fungal cells

MCQs on Plastids

96. Which of the following organelles is found only in plant cells?

(a) Mitochondria
(b) Lysosomes
(c) Plastids
(d) Ribosomes

97. What are chromoplasts?

(a) Colourless plastids
(b) Coloured plastids
(c) Storage organelles
(d) Waste disposal units

98. Which type of plastid is responsible for photosynthesis?

(a) Leucoplast
(b) Chromoplast
(c) Chloroplast
(d) Amyloplast

99. What is the primary function of leucoplasts?

(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Storage of starch, oils, and proteins
(c) Providing color to fruits
(d) Digestion of foreign substances

100. How are plastids similar to mitochondria?

(a) Both contain their own DNA and ribosomes
(b) Both generate ATP
(c) Both are found in animal cells
(d) Both are involved in digestion

101. What is the primary function of vacuoles in plant cells?

(a) Digestion
(b) Providing turgidity and rigidity
(c) ATP production
(d) Protein synthesis

102. In animal cells, vacuoles are:

(a) Larger than in plant cells
(b) Smaller than in plant cells
(c) Non-functional
(d) Absent

103. What do food vacuoles in Amoeba contain?

(a) Water
(b) Digestive enzymes
(c) Stored proteins
(d) Food particles

104. In unicellular organisms, contractile vacuoles are involved in:

(a) Expelling excess water
(b) DNA replication
(c) Protein synthesis
(d) Energy production

105. Which substances are commonly stored in plant vacuoles?

(a) ATP and RNA
(b) Amino acids, sugars, and proteins
(c) Enzymes and ribosomes
(d) Bacteria and viruses

106. What is the basic structural and functional unit of life?

(a) Tissue
(b) Organ
(c) Cell
(d) Organ System

107. Which of the following functions is NOT performed by the cell?

(a) Respiration
(b) Obtaining nutrition
(c) Forming new proteins
(d) None of the above

108. Which part of the cell is responsible for controlling cellular functions?

(a) Cell Membrane
(b) Nucleus
(c) Cytoplasm
(d) Mitochondria

109. Which of the following best describes the function of the cell membrane?

(a) Provides energy to the cell
(b) Controls what enters and leaves the cell
(c) Produces proteins
(d) Stores genetic material

110. What allows cells to perform functions like respiration, obtaining nutrition, and clearing waste?

(a) Their membrane and organelle organization
(b) The shape of the cell
(c) The presence of water
(d) The type of organism

Assertion and Reason Questions on The Fundamental Unit of Life

111. Assertion (A): The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
Reason (R): All the vital activities of an organism are carried out in the cells.

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true

112. Assertion (A): The nucleus is the control center of the cell.
Reason (R): It contains the genetic material that guides the cell’s activities.

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true

113. Assertion (A): Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell.
Reason (R): Mitochondria release energy in the form of ATP, which is used for cellular activities.

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true

114. Assertion (A): Lysosomes are also known as the suicide bags of the cell.
Reason (R): Lysosomes release digestive enzymes that can break down harmful substances within the cell, sometimes causing cell death.

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true

115. Assertion (A): Chloroplasts are present in both plant and animal cells.
Reason (R): Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, a process that occurs only in plant cells.

(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true

Match the Following Questions on The Fundamental Unit of Life

116. Match the following:

A. Mitochondria	1. Control center of the cell
B. Nucleus	2. Powerhouse of the cell
C. Lysosomes	3. Digestive enzymes
D. Chloroplast	4. Photosynthesis

(a) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
(b) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
(c) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
(d) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1

117. Match the following:

A. Chloroplasts	1. Site of protein synthesis
B. Ribosomes	2. Storage of starch and oils
C. Leucoplasts	3. Site of photosynthesis
D. Golgi Apparatus	4. Modification, packaging of materials

(a) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
(b) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
(c) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
(d) A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2

118. Match the following:

A. Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER)	1. Lipid synthesis
B. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (SER)	2. Protein synthesis
C. Lysosomes	3. Digestive enzymes
D. Vacuoles	4. Storage of water, salts, and waste

(a) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
(b) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
(c) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
(d) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1

119. Match the following:

A. Nucleus	1. Protein synthesis
B. Ribosome	2. Genetic material
C. Mitochondria	3. Energy production
D. Lysosome	4. Cellular digestion

(a) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
(b) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
(c) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
(d) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

120. Match the following:

A. Mitochondria	1. Energy production
B. Ribosome	2. Protein synthesis
C. Chloroplast	3. Photosynthesis
D. Nucleus	4. Control center of the cell

(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(b) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3
(c) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
(d) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

121. Match the following:

A. Ribosomes	1. Protein synthesis
B. Nucleus	2. Genetic information
C. Mitochondria	3. Energy production
D. Chloroplasts	4. Photosynthesis

(a) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
(b) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(c) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
(d) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4

122. Match the following:

A. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough)	1. Lipid synthesis
B. Golgi Apparatus	2. Protein transport and modification
C. Lysosomes	3. Digestion and breakdown
D. Mitochondria	4. Energy generation

(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
(c) A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
(d) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1

123. Match the following:

A. Chloroplast	1. Solar energy conversion
B. Mitochondria	2. Energy storage
C. Ribosome	3. Protein synthesis
D. Vacuole	4. Storage of water and nutrients

(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(b) A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4
(c) A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2
(d) A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4

124. Match the following:

A. Plastids	1. Colorless plastids
B. Chloroplasts	2. Green pigment
C. Chromoplasts	3. Pigmented plastids
D. Leucoplasts	4. Storage plastids

(a) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
(b) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(c) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
(d) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

125. Match the following organelles to their specific roles in cellular processes:

A. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth)	1. Detoxification and lipid synthesis
B. Golgi Apparatus	2. Protein modification, packaging, and transport
C. Ribosomes	3. Protein synthesis and translation
D. Lysosomes	4. Digestive enzymes for intracellular digestion

(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
(c) A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
(d) A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3

126. Match the following features to their respective organelles:

A. Mitochondria	1. Double membrane structure, site of ATP production
B. Chloroplasts	2. Contain chlorophyll for photosynthesis
C. Nucleus	3. Contains genetic material (DNA)
D. Ribosomes	4. Site of protein synthesis

(a) A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4
(b) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
(c) A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
(d) A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2

127. Match the following functions to the appropriate organelles:

A. Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough)	1. Synthesis of proteins for secretion
B. Golgi Apparatus	2. Packaging and sorting proteins into vesicles
C. Mitochondria	3. ATP generation through cellular respiration
D. Lysosomes	4. Digestion of intracellular waste and foreign material

(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(b) A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
(c) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
(d) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

128. Match the following biological processes to the organelles that perform them:

A. Cellular Respiration	1. Mitochondria
B. Photosynthesis	2. Chloroplasts
C. Protein Synthesis	3. Ribosomes
D. Detoxification	4. Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

(a) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(b) A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
(c) A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
(d) A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

129. Assertion: The mitochondria are often referred to as the powerhouses of the cell due to their role in energy production.
Reason: Mitochondria generate ATP through the process of cellular respiration, which is required for various cellular activities.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.

130. Assertion: Chloroplasts are essential for photosynthesis in plant cells.
Reason: Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll, a pigment that absorbs light energy and converts it into chemical energy during photosynthesis.

(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true, and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true, but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false, but Reason is true.