Mind map:: Chapter 15: Improvement in Food Resources

Mind Map: Improvement in Food Resources

🌾 Green Revolution

Father: M.S. Swaminathan
High-yield variety seeds, chemical fertilizers, irrigation, and pesticides.
Benefits: Increased crop production, self-sufficiency, economic growth.
Challenges: Environmental impact, soil degradation, and water scarcity.

🥛 White Revolution

Father: Verghese Kurien
Operation Flood: Largest dairy development program.
Milk cooperatives empowered rural India.
Benefits: Increased milk production, improved nutrition, rural employment.

🌾 Crop Production

Major crops: Wheat, Rice, Maize, Barley, Legumes.
Role of climatic conditions and soil types.
Techniques: Crop rotation, intercropping, genetically modified crops.

🐄 Animal Husbandry

Dairy Farming, Poultry, Sheep & Goat farming.
Breeding techniques and improved breeds.
Improving livestock health and productivity.

💧 Irrigation

Traditional: Wells, canals, tanks.
Modern: Drip & sprinkler systems.
Importance of efficient water use.

🌱 Sustainable Practices

Organic farming, bio-pesticides, water conservation.
Agroforestry and crop diversification.
Rainwater harvesting and eco-friendly techniques.

🌿 Nutrient Supply

Macro-nutrients: Required in large quantities (e.g., Nitrogen, Phosphorus).
Micro-nutrients: Needed in small quantities (e.g., Iron, Zinc).
Sources: Manure and fertilizers for nutrient supply.

🌱 Organic Farming

Minimal or no chemical fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides.
Maximum input of organic manures, recycled farm wastes, and bio-agents.
Healthy cropping systems.

🚜 Mixed Farming

Combination of crop production and livestock raising on the same farm.

🌾 Mixed Cropping

Growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land.

🌾 Inter-Cropping

Growing two or more crops in definite row patterns.

🌱 Crop Rotation

Growing different crops on a piece of land in pre-planned succession.

🌾 Varietal Improvement

Breeding for higher yield, resistance to biotic and abiotic factors, shorter maturity duration, wider adaptability.

🐄 Animal Care

Proper care, shelter, feeding, breeding, and disease control in animal husbandry.

🍗 Poultry Farming

Egg and broiler production for poultry meat.
Crossbreeding between Indian and exotic breeds for improved variety.

🐟 Fish Farming

Fish farming in marine and inland ecosystems.
Composite fish culture system.

🐝 Bee-Keeping

Honey and wax production.

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